What Type of Dog Is Anubis – Ancient Origins and Modern Breeds

Anubis is not a domestic dog breed but is modeled after a wild canid, specifically the African golden wolf (Canis lupaster). While often called a jackal, genetic evidence confirms his wolf origins.

Understanding what type of dog is anubis requires a journey back to ancient Egypt, where the line between wild animals and deities was often blurred. Many pet owners look at the sleek, pointed ears and slender frame of the god of the dead and wonder if they can find a similar companion today.

While Anubis is a mythological figure, his physical form was inspired by real animals that roamed the edges of the desert. These creatures were known for their sharp intelligence and their haunting presence near ancient burial grounds.

In this guide, we will explore the biological identity of the animal behind the myth. We will also look at modern breeds that share his striking silhouette and what it takes to care for these unique types of dogs.

The Biological Identity Of The Egyptian God

For centuries, scholars and enthusiasts believed that Anubis was based on the golden jackal. However, modern DNA testing has revolutionized our understanding of this ancient figure.

Recent genetic studies have reclassified the “Egyptian jackal” as the African golden wolf (Canis lupaster). This creature is more closely related to the gray wolf than the jackal, making Anubis a wolf-inspired deity rather than a jackal-headed one.

The scientific name of the dog we associate with Anubis highlights a distinct lineage that adapted specifically to the North African climate. These wolves are lean, agile, and possess the iconic prick ears seen in ancient carvings.

Common Mistake: Many people assume Anubis is a black dog breed, but his color was purely symbolic. Real African golden wolves have a sandy or grizzled coat, not solid black fur.

Why A Wolf And Not A Dog?

Ancient Egyptians observed these wild canids scavenging near cemeteries located on the desert’s edge. Because they were seen around the dead, the people associated them with the protection of the soul and the process of mummification.

Unlike the domestic dogs that lived in homes, these wild wolves were viewed as guardians of the threshold between life and death. This distinction is vital when discussing the evolutionary history of canines in the region.

The choice of a wild canid emphasized the god’s power and his connection to the untamed wilderness. It also explains the dolichocephalic skull—the long, narrow head shape—that characterizes both the African golden wolf and many modern sighthounds.

Modern Breeds That Resemble Anubis

If you are looking for a dog that captures the aesthetic of the Egyptian god, several modern breeds fit the description perfectly. These dogs often share the same “primitive” traits, including upright ears and a lean, athletic build.

The most famous of these is the Pharaoh Hound. Despite its name, this breed actually originated in Malta, though it bears a striking resemblance to the Tesem, an extinct hunting dog used by the Pharaohs.

Another close match is the Ibizan Hound. This breed is known for its incredible jumping ability and its large, expressive ears that mimic the classic Anubis silhouette.

The Pharaoh Hound: A Living Image

The Pharaoh Hound is perhaps the most frequent answer to what type of dog is anubis. Its chestnut coat and amber eyes give it a regal, ancient appearance that mirrors Egyptian art.

However, it is important to remember that this breed was developed for rabbit hunting on the Mediterranean islands. While it looks like the ancient Tesem, it is a product of its own unique environment and history.

The Basenji: The “Barkless” Link

The Basenji is a primitive breed from the Congo that shares several traits with ancient Egyptian dogs. They are small, elegant, and known for their extreme cleanliness, often grooming themselves like cats.
Basenjis do not bark; instead, they make a unique yodeling sound. Their independent nature and sharp intellect make them a fascinating choice for experienced owners who appreciate the “wild” side of canines.

The Symbolism Of The Black Coat

One of the most common questions regarding what type of dog is anubis involves his color. In ancient Egyptian culture, the color black was not associated with mourning or evil.

Instead, black represented the fertile soil deposited by the Nile River, symbolizing rebirth and life. It also represented the color of a body after it had been treated with mummification resins.

Therefore, Anubis was depicted as black to emphasize his role in the afterlife and spiritual transformation. While you may see black Doberman Pinschers or German Shepherds that remind you of him, their color serves a different genetic purpose.

The Mystery Of The Tesem

Ancient hieroglyphs frequently depict a dog known as the Tesem. This dog had a curled tail and upright ears, looking very much like a modern Sighthound.

Archaeologists believe the Tesem was the actual domestic dog of the period. While Anubis was a wild wolf-god, the Tesem was the loyal hunting companion of the Egyptian nobility.

Using the Latin nomenclature for dogs, we can see how these ancient types eventually branched off into the diverse breeds we recognize today. The Tesem likely contributed its genetics to many of the Mediterranean hounds we see now.

Health And Care For Anubis-Like Breeds

Owning a dog that looks like Anubis often means caring for a sighthound or a primitive breed. these dogs have specific biological needs that differ from more common breeds like Labradors or Poodles.

Most “Anubis-type” dogs are built for speed and endurance. They have very little body fat, which makes them sensitive to extreme temperatures and certain types of veterinary medications.

Pro Tip: Sighthounds are notoriously sensitive to anesthesia. Always ensure your veterinarian is experienced with lean breeds before any surgical procedures.

Exercise And Mental Stimulation

These breeds are often high energy and require plenty of space to run. Because they are sighthounds, they have an incredibly high prey drive and will chase anything that moves.

A secure, high fence is a necessity for these dogs. They are also highly intelligent and can become destructive if they do not have enough mental engagement throughout the day.

Veterinary Red Flags For Sighthounds

Because of their unique physiology, there are specific symptoms owners should watch for. These dogs are prone to certain conditions due to their deep chests and thin limbs.

• Bloat (GDV): A life-threatening condition where the stomach twists. Seek emergency care if you notice a distended abdomen or unproductive retching.
• Thin Skin Tears: Their skin is paper-thin and can tear easily during play. Large wounds may require professional sutures.
• Cold Sensitivity: Without a thick coat or body fat, they can suffer from hypothermia quickly. Use coats or sweaters in temperatures below 50°F (10°C).
• Joint Injuries: Their long, thin legs are susceptible to fractures or ligament tears if they wipe out during high-speed runs.

If your dog ever displays sudden lethargy, pale gums, or an inability to stand, contact your veterinarian or an emergency animal clinic immediately.

Understanding The Sighthound Personality

Beyond their physical appearance, dogs that look like Anubis share a distinct temperament. They are often described as “cat-like” because of their independent and sometimes aloof nature.

They are deeply loyal to their families but can be wary of strangers. Unlike some breeds that crave constant physical affection, these dogs often prefer to sit quietly in the same room as their owners.

Training can be a challenge because they are independent thinkers. They do not respond well to harsh corrections; instead, they thrive with positive reinforcement and high-value rewards like pieces of cooked chicken or beef.

Creating A Safe Habitat

Because these dogs are masters of escape, your home environment must be secure. They can jump surprisingly high and are fast enough to be blocks away in seconds if they slip through an open door.

Consider their formal biological classification as hunters when introducing them to other pets. They may not be suitable for homes with small animals like hamsters or rabbits due to their natural instincts.

For more information on providing a proper environment, you can read about a formal biological classification and how it influences a dog’s daily needs. Understanding their roots helps you become a better provider.

FAQs About The Anubis Dog Type

Is Anubis A Doberman?

No, the Doberman Pinscher is a relatively modern breed from Germany. While they have a similar look when their ears are cropped, they have no ancestral connection to ancient Egypt or the African golden wolf.

Can I Buy An Anubis Dog?

You cannot buy an “Anubis” because he is a god, not a breed. However, you can adopt or purchase breeds like the Pharaoh Hound, Ibizan Hound, or Basenji, which share his physical characteristics.

Why Does Anubis Have Such Big Ears?

The large ears of the African golden wolf serve a dual purpose. They help dissipate heat in the hot desert sun and allow the animal to hear the tiny movements of prey or threats from a great distance.

Was Anubis Originally A Cat?

No, Anubis has always been depicted as a canid. The confusion often arises because ancient Egypt had several cat deities, such as Bastet and Sekhmet, but Anubis is strictly a wolf-like figure.

Are Pharaoh Hounds Good With Children?

Generally, yes, but they are sensitive dogs. They prefer calm environments and may find the high-pitched noises and sudden movements of very small children overwhelming.

Final Thoughts On The Anubis Legacy

Determining what type of dog is anubis leads us to a fascinating intersection of mythology, biology, and history. While he is not a single domestic breed, his image lives on through the resilient and elegant sighthounds of the Mediterranean and Africa.

Whether you are drawn to the African golden wolf’s wild mystery or the Pharaoh Hound’s regal grace, these canines require dedicated care. They are not just “ornamental” dogs; they are high-performance athletes with deep ancestral roots.

By providing the right nutrition, exercise, and veterinary attention, you can honor the spirit of the ancient “guardian of the scales” in your own home. Always remember that every dog is an individual with its own personality and health requirements.

This article is for general informational purposes only and does not replace a professional physical examination by your own veterinarian.